As summarized by Robertson, "there was no 'evidence' that had ever been looked at and there had never been a 'judgment' at all. [365], On May 30, 2015, the Young European Socialists gathered in Riga, Latvia where a resolution recognizing the Armenian Genocide was passed. On November 29, 2006, the lower house of Argentina's parliament adopted a resolution recognizing the Armenian Genocide. Professeure agrégée en lycée, rattachée au laboratoire ECP (Éducation, culture et politique) de l’université Lyon 2. En outre, la question peut être traitée également en géographie dans le cadre de l’étude de la construction européenne où est soulevée l’épineuse question de la candidature de la Turquie. [26], The European Parliament commended the message the pontiff had delivered. [274], James Bryce (1838–1922), 1st Viscount Bryce, was one of the first Britons to bring this issue to public attention. This is the story of the first genocide of the 20th century; when the Young Turks at the end of the Ottoman Empire systematically exterminated 1.5 … La France avait officiellement reconnu l'existence du génocide arménien par la loi n° 2001-70 du 29 janvier 2001 relative à la reconnaissance du génocide arménien de 1915. [370], On June 2, 2016, Germany's Bundestag passed a resolution recognizing the Armenian Genocide and admitting its part of responsibility for it, as the main ally of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, which led to a furious reaction in Turkey. Francis remembered the victims of "that immense and senseless slaughter" at the start of the Mass at St. Peter's Basilica, which was attended by President Serzh Sarkisian, the supreme heads of the Armenian Apostolic Churches and hundreds of Armenian Catholics. 312], The country is divaded by a Civil war and the eastern-based interim administration is not recognized by the. Dans sa face sombre, il est vu comme le vecteur de propagande et d’endoctrinement des élèves, otages d’idéologies dominantes2. Cette école historiographique, aujourd’hui contestée, a pénétré les programmes scolaires de manière quasi immédiate. [297], Azerbaijan, which is in a strategic alliance with Turkey and is in conflict with Armenia because of the Nagorno-Karabakh War, shares the position of Turkey. [273] As of 2015, the United Kingdom does not formally recognise the Ottoman Empire's massacres of Armenians as a "genocide". In an event billed as the first to be held by an Israeli president to commemorate the tragedy, Rivlin also invited Armenian communal and religious leader's to his official residence on April 26, 2015. Demonstrators demanded that the killing of around 1.5 million Armenians by Ottoman Turks in 1915 be recognized as a genocide. ». La souffrance et le traumatisme pénètrent les curricula qui accueillent le drame du génocide des Juifs en le chargeant d’une dimension civique très forte : celle du « devoir de mémoire » et du « plus jamais ça »8. WHEREAS the denial of genocide is widely recognised as the final stage of genocide, enshrining impunity for the perpetrators of genocide, and demonstrably paving the way for future genocides; WHEREAS the Ottoman genocide against minority populations during and following the First World War is usually depicted as a genocide against Armenians alone, with little recognition of the qualitatively similar genocides against other Christian minorities of the Ottoman Empire; BE IT RESOLVED that it is the conviction of the International Association of Genocide Scholars that the Ottoman campaign against Christian minorities of the Empire between 1914 and 1923 constituted a genocide against Armenians, Assyrians, and Pontian and Anatolian Greeks. The resolution, presented by the parliament executive, calls on all Lebanese citizens to unite with the Armenian people on April 24 in commemorating the atrocities of 1915-1923. Then–Knesset Speaker Reuven Rivlin and Cabinet Minister Gilad Erdan were among those supporting formal recognition by the government. De même, seul Bordas consacre une petite partie à la présence arménienne dans l’Empire ottoman avant l’époque des massacres, en légende d’une photographie représentant des forgerons arméniens dans le quartier d’Istanbul. Une mythologie nationale3 permettait de romancer les hauts faits et gestes des grands personnages de l’histoire et d’inscrire la France dans une ligne de progrès. Ces nouveaux programmes offrent une nouvelle forme d’écriture mettant l’accent quasiment systématiquement sur des démarches obligatoires, encore appelées « entrées ». Parliaments of 5 Spanish regions recognize the Armenian Genocide: Additionally, 35 Spanish cities within 8 regions have recognized the Armenian Genocide: Two of the three devolved legislatures of the United Kingdom have recognised the Armenian Genocide. De ce point de vue, il sert un bien commun mis au service du projet politique et social de l’École. My interest remains the achievement of a full, frank and just acknowledgment of the facts.[236]. Today is a day to reflect upon and draw lessons from these terrible events. [373], On June 24, 2016, Pope Francis in a speech described the killing of Armenians as a genocide. [386], On November 6, 2017, Indiana Governor Eric Holcomb issued a powerful proclamation memorializing the Ottoman Turkish Empire's centrally planned and executed annihilation of close to three million Armenians, Greeks, Assyrians, and Syriacs, making the Hoosier State the 48th U.S. state to properly recognize and condemn the Armenian Genocide. On retrouve ici la pédagogie des affects typique de l’enseignement des questions douloureuses. [20], On April 15, 2015, the European Parliament backed a motion that calls the massacre a century ago of up to 1.5 million Armenians by Ottoman Turkish forces a genocide,[21] days after Pope Francis' message triggered an angry reaction in Turkey for using the same term. That this assembly of the Association of Genocide Scholars in its conference held in Montreal, June 11–13, 1997, reaffirms that the mass murder of over a million Armenians in Turkey in 1915 is a case of genocide which conforms to the statutes of the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide. 'Never again' belongs to every one of you, all the nations. Son traitement peut être rapproché de ce que nous avons observé au collège. Mais au final, même sur cette dernière affaire, les échos médiatiques sont assez faibles. On March 11, 2010 the Swedish Parliament voted to describe the massacre of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire in 1915 as genocide. [322] [369], On December 2, 2015, the Parliament of Aragon in Spain, adopted a declaration recognizing and condemning the Armenian Genocide. The practice of genocide has occurred throughout human history. Միսաք Թորլաքեան (1888-1968). "[224], After the tenure of Ronald Reagan, later United States Presidents have refused to name the events as such because of concerns over alienating Turkey.[230]. The resolution also condemned the acts of violence committed against the Armenian people. [230] In response to the House Foreign Affairs Committee's decision on the bill, Turkey ordered their ambassador to the United States to return to Turkey for "consultations". C’est la date la plus ancienne mise en avant pour expliquer la généalogie du génocide. The Foreign Office documents furthermore include advice from 1995 to the then Conservative foreign minister, Douglas Hogg, that he should refuse to attend a memorial service for the victims of the genocide. 3D’autre part, l’enseignement de l’histoire est, en soi, un sujet délicat, voire explosif, qui connaît régulièrement polémiques ou controverses. One of the goals of these Armenian militants was to agitate world governments for Turkish and international recognition of the Armenian Genocide. 14 Journal officiel du 11 décembre 2003, débats et documents du Sénat, p. 3593. [278] As a result of Sarid's 2000 speech to an Armenian church in Jerusalem recognizing their genocide, he became persona non grata in Turkey. [250] Among modern Kurds, including major Kurdish parties like the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), and the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), most of them acknowledge the killings and apologize in the name of their ancestors who committed atrocities toward Armenians and Assyrians in the name of the Ottoman Empire. The Mercosur resolution also expressed its support for the Armenian Cause and called on all countries to recognize the genocide. La question des droits de l’homme, sous le parrainage des organisations internationales (UNESCO relayée plus tard par l’Europe en construction), se place au cœur des curricula scolaires et l’ensemble des pays régulièrement réunis en colloques internationaux sont sommés de remanier leurs programmes dans ce sens4. Les textes écrits sont en grande majorité des témoignages, mais Bordas présente un texte d’historien (Yves Ternon) et Hachette un extrait de François Georgeon. Other organizations which have recognized the Armenian Genocide include: In 1984 the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal made a verdict that the Armenian Genocide is "an 'international crime' for which the Turkish state must assume responsibility", and that the United Nations and each of its members "have the right to demand this recognition and to assist the Armenian people to that end". ), L’enseignement de l’histoire-géographie de l’école élémentaire au lycée : vecteur de propagande ou fondement de l’esprit critique ?, Paris : L’Harmattan, 2009, ou encore Barbara Lefebvre et Ève Bonnivard, Élèves sous influence, Paris : Louis Audibert, 2005. Furthermore, in response to the motions of New South Wales and South Australia to recognize the events as genocide the Foreign Minister of Australia has clarified on June 4, 2014, that Australian states and territories have no constitutional role in the formulation of the Australian foreign policy, and that Australia does not view the tragic events at the end of the Ottoman Empire as a genocide. The New York State Assembly passed Res.374 "intended to counter the tide of revisionist history which purports that the Armenian Genocide never took place." "One century on, we bow our heads in memory of all victims of this tragedy which our country has always perceived as its own pain and calamity," he said. L’importance du critère religieux dans la déportation et l’extermination des Arméniens n’est cependant mentionnée qu’une seule fois, dans le manuel des éditions Magnard. 12 Alain Legardez et Laurence Simmoneaux, L’école à l’épreuve de l’actualité : enseigner les questions vives, Issy-les-Moulineaux : ESF, 2006. Turkey condemned the declaration as "very unfortunate" and also said that it bore traces of "the mentality of the Crusades. However, some of the support for the bill from both Democrats and Republicans eroded after the White House warned against the possibility of Turkey restricting airspace as well as ground-route access for U.S. military and humanitarian efforts in Iraq in response to the bill. [7] :129 The report was a response to the request by the UN Secretary-General to make arrangements for "the collection and publication of information concerning human rights arising from trials of war criminals, quislings and traitors, and in particular from the Nürnberg and Tokyo Trials." [360] As of April 2015, 44 out of 50 U.S. states have, by legislation or proclamation, recognized the Armenian Genocide. [372] German foreign ministry had warned lawmakers with Turkish origin against travel to Turkey because their safety could not be guaranteed and also they received increased police protection and further security measures for both their professional and private activities. [308] The community, along with visitors from countries such as Iran, Lebanon and Moscow held a memorial service at the 300-year-old Armenian Holy Church of Nazareth in Kolkata to mark the 100th anniversary of the genocide. [54], Turkey continues to insist that the mass killings of 1915 were not a genocide, a fact which many Europeans take as casting doubt on the Turkish nation's commitment to human rights, but also as an "excuse" to block European Union membership for a Muslim-majority country, for which Turkish-Armenian intellectual Hrant Dink publicly issued condemnation to some countries before he was assassinated in 2007. On March 3, 2015, the European People's Party (EPP) adopted a resolution recognising and condemning the Armenian Genocide as well as paying tribute to the victims in the 100th anniversary. Laurence De Cock, « Le génocide des Arméniens à l’école : caractères et enjeux d’un enseignement », Études arméniennes contemporaines, 2 | 2013, 89-99. The motion, which garnered support from all political groups, encouraged Turkey to "use the commemoration of the centenary of the Armenian Genocide as an important opportunity" to open its archives, "come to terms with its past" as well as recognize the genocide. La brutalisation des sociétés européennes, Paris : Hachette littératures, 2009 (1re édition française 1999, traduction de Fallen Soldiers. Il convient pour commencer de poser un certain nombre de précautions préalables. Il arrive également qu’il ne soit présenté que comme « bilan de la guerre ». Cinq éditeurs sur sept donnent une indication du bilan chiffré qui oscille entre 600 000 morts (moyenne basse) et 1,2 millions (moyenne haute). … With great respect we bow our heads in memory of the martyrs of the Armenian nation — our friends — and hail their ability for resoluteness and triumph. [383], On April 25, 2017, the Parliament of the Czech Republic approved a resolution, condemning the genocide of Armenians and other religious and national minorities in the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. Bonafoux Corinne, De Cock Laurence et Falaize Benoît, Mémoires et histoire à l’école de la république : quels enjeux ?, Paris : Armand Colin, 2007. [263], Since then, France has urged Turkey to recognize the 1915 massacre as genocide. Clooney was joined by his wife Amal Clooney, who went before Europe's top human rights court in January, representing Armenia, to argue against a man convicted of denying the 1915 Armenian Genocide. La brutalisation des sociétés européennes, Paris : Hachette littératures, 2009 [1990].