Sein Vater war daraufhin von 1997 bis 2001 Präsident des Kongo. [9] Auch gewann sein Parteienbündnis die gleichzeitig stattfindende Parlamentswahl mit überwältigender Mehrheit, während Tshisekedis Bündnis angeblich weniger als zehn Prozent der Sitze erhielt. He was elected as President in 2006 and re-elected in 2011 for a second term. Mme Sifa vivait avec son mari dans le Palais de Marbre, la résidence. On 23 December, an agreement was proposed between the main opposition group and the Kabila government under which the latter agreed not to alter the constitution and to leave office before the end of 2017. Doch wie viele andere distanzierte sich Katumbi im Jahr 2015 öffentlich von Kabila. Joseph Kabila | [42], On December 30, 2018 the presidential election to determine the successor to Kabila was held. Eine weitverbreitete, zu politischer Propaganda verwendete Version besagt, sein… [16] Although Kabila registered as an independent, he is the "initiator" of the People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy (PPRD), which chose him as their candidate in the election. [19] He named Antoine Gizenga, who placed third in the first round of the presidential election (and then backed Kabila in the second round) as prime minister on 30 December. Kabila failed to secure a majority of the vote, but he easily defeated Jean-Pierre Bemba in the runoff held in October 2006. After the results were announced on 9 December, there was violent unrest in Kinshasa and Mbuji-Mayi, where official tallies showed that a strong majority had voted for the opposition candidate Etienne Tshisekedi. He was elected as President in 2006 and re-elected in 2011 for a second term. On 19 January protests led by students at the University of Kinshasa broke out. Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! Kabila gewann diese Stichwahl mit 58,05 % der Stimmen und wurde am 6. He took office ten days after the assassination of his father, President Laurent-Désiré Kabila. On 28 March 2004, an apparent coup attempt or mutiny around the capital Kinshasa, allegedly by members of the former guard of former president Mobutu Sese Seko (who had been ousted by Kabila's father in 1997 and died in the same year), failed. Trotz eines Demonstrationsverbotes kam es zu Protesten in verschiedenen Teilen des Landes. Dezember 2018 favorisierte Kabila seinen Parteifreund Emmanuel Ramazani Shadary, der die Wahl jedoch verlor. Juli 2006 erhielt Kabila die meisten Stimmen, aber nicht die absolute Mehrheit, weswegen am 29. Mercredi 25 septembre 2013 vers 18h00, heure de Bruxelles,au moins une trentaine de combattants congolais se sont postés au 50th avenue and Park. 2011 konnte Kabila sich in einer umstrittenen Wahl in seinem Amt bestätigen lassen. Kabila stepped down on January 24, 2019, handing power to Tshisekedi—the first peaceful transition of power in Congo since the country became independent in 1960. president of Democratic Republic of the Congo. As Kabila is Protestant and Lembe di Sita is Catholic, the wedding ceremonies were ecumenical; they were officiated by both the Catholic Archbishop of Kinshasa, Cardinal Frederic Etsou Bamungwabi, and Pierre Marini Bodho – presiding bishop of the Church of Christ in Congo, the umbrella church for most denominations in the Congo, known within the country simply as "The Protestant Church". When he returned from China, Kabila was awarded the rank of major-general, and appointed Deputy Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in 1998. He pointed out that 300 soldiers had been convicted of sex crimes, although he added that this was not enough. Im britischen Parlament wurden 59 Offshorefirmen publik gemacht, die mit Vermögenswerten handeln, 47 davon mit Sitz auf den Britischen Jungferninseln.[7]. Kabila begleitete seinen Vater, den späteren Rebellenführer Laurent Kabila, im Alter von fünf Jahren nach Tansania ins Exil. In December 2002 he signed an agreement with rebels to end the war and to form a power-sharing transitional government. In March 2006, he registered as a candidate. [20], In 2006, Kabila responded to evidence of widespread sex crimes committed by the Congolese military by describing the acts as "simply unforgivable". Kabila wurde nach offiziellen Angaben als Sohn von Laurent Kabila und dessen Frau Mahanya Sifa Kabila als zweites von neun Kindern im Rebellenhauptquartier Hewa Bora II geboren und stammt aus der Bantu-Volksgruppe der Luba. Kabila, the son of Congolese rebel leader Laurent Kabila, was largely raised and educated in Tanzania. [35], More demonstrations were planned to mark the passing of the end of the presidential mandate. Upon his return, he became head of the country’s armed forces, with the rank of major general. 1996 schloss er sich den Truppen seines Vaters an und war Befehlshaber im Ersten Kongokrieg. [7] He is the son of long time rebel, former AFDL leader and president of the Congo Laurent-Désiré Kabila and Sifa Mahanya. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Seventeen people were killed. [7], Kabila rose to the presidency on 26 January 2001 after the assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila, becoming the world's first head of government born in the 1970s. Nach Angaben von Beobachtern hatte der Kabila-Gegner Martin Fayulu rund 60 % der Stimmen bekommen. According to the electoral commission's vice president, the commission "hasn't called elections in 2016 because the number of voters isn't known. The 2002 peace agreement signed at the Inter-Congolese Dialogue in Sun City, South Africa, which nominally ended the Second Congo War, maintained Joseph Kabila as President and head of state of the Congo. Er bemühte sich, dem vom Bürgerkrieg zerrütteten Land ein wenig Stabilität zu verleihen, indem er die Präsenz ausländischer Truppen, vor allem aus Ruanda und Uganda, verringerte. Kabila's second term as president of the Democratic Republic of Congo was due to end on 20 December 2016. [1] Anschließend begann er eine militärische Laufbahn in Tansania und wurde auch in Uganda und Ruanda militärisch ausgebildet. [10], Joseph Kasavubu | After years of speculation about Kabila’s intentions, it was confirmed in August 2018 that he would not be standing in the election and would instead support the candidacy of Emmanuel Ramazani Shadary. Shortly after Laurent was assassinated, Joseph was inaugurated as the country’s president on January 26, 2001. Joseph Kabila Kabange and his twin sister Jaynet Kabila were born on 4 June 1971. In 2006 a new constitution was promulgated and the country held its first multiparty elections in more than four decades. Da im Widerspruch zum 2002 vereinbarten Friedensvertrag keine Nationalarmee gebildet wurde, verfügt er über die alleinige militärische Kontrolle der Hauptstadt Kinshasa – ähnlich wie die mit ihm regierenden Warlords in anderen Regionen. [6] Bei der Wahl am 30. He was raised in relative remoteness, with few records of his early days. [39] A statement issued by his spokesperson on 19 December 2016, stated that Joseph Kabila would remain in post until a new president is in place following elections which will not be held until at least April 2018. Against the backdrop of security concerns and a mysterious fire that destroyed a considerable amount of voting materials only 10 days before the polls, on December 20 the electoral commission announced that the presidential election—along with legislative, provincial, and local elections also scheduled for December 23—would be postponed until December 30. While in the United States, he also met with Paul Kagame, the president of Rwanda, who had been one of his father’s principal opponents. Im Jahr 2000 wurde er Armee-Stabschef. Kabila stood for reelection in 2011, facing 10 other candidates in the November 28 poll. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Fact Monster - People - Biography of Joseph Kabila. Kabila married Olive Lembe di Sita, on 1 June 2006. Since stepping down after the 2018 election, Kabila, as a former president, will be a … He was pressured by the international community and opposition groups to promote reform in the areas of human rights and democracy. During the following months, however, Kabila surprised many people by taking initiative and turning the policies of the government in a different direction. Joseph Kabila studierte 1998 an der Nationalen Verteidigungshochschule in Peking und wurde anschließend Generalmajor und Mitglied des Generalstabs der Armee. These suspicions were bolstered after the Constitutional Court ruled in May 2016 that in the event that elections were delayed, Kabila could remain in office until a successor could be elected and installed; months later the court granted a request from the electoral commission to postpone the 2016 elections. Als Folge seiner langjährigen Aufenthalte in englischsprachigen Ländern spricht Kabila heute besser Englisch und Kisuaheli als Französisch und das kongolesische Lingála, die im Westen des Landes und damit auch in der Hauptstadt verbreitete Landessprache. April 2004 scheiterte ein Putsch gegen Kabila, der wohl von alten Anhängern des früheren Präsidenten Mobutu Sese Seko organisiert worden war. The agreement was ratified in April 2003; later that year an interim government was formed that kept Kabila as president and named rebel leaders to vice presidential and cabinet posts. Er ließ in der kongolesischen Hauptstadt Panzer auffahren, um möglichen Protesten zuvorzukommen. [30], Kabila is vastly unpopular, partly because of the conflicts in the Congo, but also because of the widespread belief that he has enriched himself and his family while ignoring millions of poor Congolese. President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2016 delayed election and extension of presidency, People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy, People's Liberation Army National Defense University, Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, campaign in Zaire to oust the Mobutu regime, Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire, protests led by students at the University of Kinshasa broke out, Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Congo, CIA World Leaders, Democratic Republic of the Congo, DR Congo Celebrates New President, Keeps Sharp Eye on Ex, Congo ex-leader Kabila's coalition wins decisive senate majority, "Joseph Kabila says he will not run again in Congo", "A Fallen City, Seeking Peace, Greets Rebels", "Bref Apercu Biographique du Président de la République", "Presidency of Democratic Republic of Congo", "Congo National Troops Thwart Coup Attempt", "Elections to be held on 30 July, polls body says", "Frontrunners need alliances for 2nd round of presidential polls", "Joseph Kabila sworn in as Congo's elected president", "Congo names opposition veteran, 81, prime minister", "Congo president on military rapes: 'Unforgivable, "DR Congo election: Questions hang over Kabila's victory", "Carter Center: DRC Presidential Election Results Lack Credibility (press release)", "DR Congo President Joseph Kabila begins second term", "Catholic bishops condemn DR Congo presidential poll", "UPDATE 2-Congo protests enter third day, rights group says 42 dead", "DR Congo unrest: Catholic church backs protests", "An old ally of Joseph Kabila leaves the ruling party", "Africa loses more money to illicit financial flows than it receives in foreign aid", "In Congo, Wars Are Small and Chaos Is Endless", "Home of Congo Presidential Challenger Is Surrounded by Police", "DR Congo election: 17 dead in anti-Kabila protests", "Congo Election Body Proposes Two-Year Wait for Presidential Vote", "US imposes sanctions on top DRC officials after election delaey", "Clashes in Kinshasa leave 50 dead, say DRC opposition groups", "Democratic Republic of the Congo 'faces civil war' if president fails to quit", "UN News - Political polarization in DR Congo may spark 'large-scale violence,' UN envoy warns Security Council", "DRC: President Joseph Kabila to stay on, says government", "Kabila refuses to step down amid unrest", "Opposition says Congo politicians agree Kabila transition deal", "Botswana has urged the president of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Joseph Kabila, to step down", "Emmanuel Ramazani Shadary: Kabila's choice for DR Congo president", "Surprise Winner Of Congolese Election Is An Opposition Leader", "Solennel mariage religieux du président Joseph Kabil", Official website of the President of the DRC, Democratic Republic of the Congo – Permanent Mission to the United Nations, DR Congo presidential candidates face off in second round, Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the DRC, 2011 Democratic Republic of the Congo presidential election, 2006 Democratic Republic of the Congo presidential election, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Kabila&oldid=959391441, Democratic Republic of the Congo Anglicans, People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy politicians, Presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Twin people from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 28 May 2020, at 14:55. Harsh demonstrations erupted on 20 April 2016 in Lubumbashi, one of Congo's biggest cities. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Kabila’s reelection bid was bolstered by his well-organized political campaign as well as a January 2011 constitutional amendment that eliminated the second round of voting in the presidential race, therefore allowing a candidate to win without necessarily having a majority of the vote. Little was known about Kabila, and the first assessment was that his father’s advisers had chosen him as a figurehead. [8], Kabila's childhood coincided with the low point of his father's political and military career. According to the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, President Kabila should not be allowed to serve more than two terms. [15] The new constitution lowered the minimum age of presidential candidates from 35 to 30; Kabila turned 35 shortly before the election. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. These actions were seen as a warning to President Kabila to respect his country's constitution. His strongest challenger was former prime minister Étienne Tshisekedi. Am 24. [23] On 20 December, Kabila was sworn in for a second term, promising to invest in infrastructure and public services. [43] On January 10, 2019, the electoral commission announced opposition candidate Félix Tshisekedi as the winner of the vote.[44]. [37], Maman Sidikou, the Secretary-General's Special Representative for DR Congo and head of MONUSCO, said that a tipping point into uncontrollable violence could come about very quickly if the political situation is not normalised.[38]. Kabila attended a primary school organized by his father's rebel forces, before moving to Tanzania where he completed primary and secondary school. Moïse Katumbi announced in October 2015 that he would leave the ruling party due to disagreements over the scheduled election. Mobutu Sese Seko | Januar 2001[2] übernahm Joseph Kabila am 26. Er ließ Friedenstruppen der Vereinten Nationen, MONUC, in das Land, die die Fronten zwischen Rebellen, einheimischen Truppen und ausländischen Truppen überwachen sollten. In a meeting in Zambia in February 2001, Kabila agreed to begin the implementation of a cease-fire agreement that had been signed in July 1999 but had not been honoured. Kabila endorsed Emmanuel Ramazani Shadary, his former interior minister. Januar 2001 bis zum 24. [5] In August 2018, Kabila announced that he would step down and not seek reelection in the December 2018 general election.[6]. Kabila befehligt die Garde Spéciale de Sécurité Présidentielle (GSSP, Präsidentengarde), bestehend aus 15.000 Elitesoldaten. Document leaks in 2016 revealed that she is a part-owner of a major Congolese television company, Digital Congo TV [fr], through offshore subsidiaries. [12] On 11 June 2004, coup plotters led by Major Eric Lenge allegedly attempted to take power and announced on state radio that the transitional government was suspended, but were defeated by loyalist troops.[13][14]. He conferred with government leaders in France and Belgium and also traveled to the United States, where he met with Secretary of State Colin Powell and with officials of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the United Nations. The elder Kabila’s rule was soon challenged in 1998 with a small rebellion that later expanded and involved troops from several African countries. Although the new constitution stipulates that a debate be held between the two remaining candidates for the presidency, no debates took place and many declared this unconstitutional. Joseph Kabila Kabange (/kæˈbiːlə/ kab-EE-lə, French: [ʒɔzɛf kabila]; born 4 June 1971) is a Congolese politician who served as President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between January 2001 and January 2019. He was later, in 2000, appointed Chief of Staff of the Land Forces, a position he held until the elder President Kabila's assassination in January 2001. On ne sait pas toujours qui est derrière la main de Rachidi, l'assassin du président Kabila. Rumors have abounded that Kabila was actually born in Tanzania, which would make him a citizen of that country. [2] Since stepping down after the 2018 election, Kabila, as a former president, will be a senator for life, according to the Constitution of the DRC. [24], In January 2012, Catholic bishops in DR Congo also condemned the elections, complaining of "treachery, lies and terror", and calling on the election commission to correct "serious errors". [33] Elections to determine a successor to Kabila were originally scheduled to be held on 27 November 2016. [5] Doch weder Kabila noch der Gegenkandidat Jean-Pierre Bemba, verschwägert mit der Familie Mobutu, hielten sich mit politischen Programmen auf. [26][27] By Wednesday 21 January clashes between police and protesters had claimed at least 42 lives, although the government claimed only 15 people had been killed. Kabila ließ verlautbaren, dass er gleichwohl weiterhin im Amt bleiben wolle. In early 2008 Kabila signed a peace agreement with more than 20 rebel groups who had been fighting in the eastern part of the country, but the truce unraveled later that year when some rebels resumed their attacks. [4] Er verkaufte Vermögenswerte aus dem Bergbau zu umstrittenen tiefen Preisen. [7] In October 1996, Laurent-Désiré Kabila launched the campaign in Zaire to oust the Mobutu regime with his newly formed army, the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire (AFDL). Januar 2001 das Amt des Präsidenten. However, many Congolese were disgruntled over Kabila’s failure to keep all of his 2006 election campaign promises, and Tshisekedi was a popular opposition figure with considerable support. Dezember 2018, Lutz Herden: Vulkanische Gegend in Afrika, Kongolesischer Präsident verspricht Wiederaufbau, How Africa's dictator died at the hands of his boy soldiers, The Guardian, 11. Es tauchen jedoch immer wieder Zweifel und Berichte auf, nach denen Kabila nicht leiblicher Sohn Laurents, sondern Sohn eines anderen Vaters oder gänzlich anderer Eltern sei, der von Kabila adoptiert wurde. Laurent-Désiré Kabila | [11] Aged 29, he was considered young and inexperienced. Fayulu and others accused Tshisekedi and Kabila of having made a deal to secure the former’s election victory in exchange for protecting the interests of the latter and his associates; representatives of both men denied the accusations. Es tauchen jedoch immer wieder Zweifel und Berichte auf, nach denen Kabila nicht leiblicher Sohn Laurents, sondern Sohn eines anderen Vaters oder gänzlich anderer Eltern sei, der von Kabila adoptiert wurde. Der frühere Geheimdienstchef von Zaire, Honoré Ngbanda Zambo ko Atumba, behauptet, dass Joseph Kabila der Sohn der ruandischen Oppositionsmitglieder Christopher Kanambe und Marcelline Mukambukuje sei. In April Kabila dismissed the cabinet that had been held over from his father’s administration and named his own group of ministers. The irregularities surrounding the elections results prompted a run-off vote between Kabila and Bemba which was held on 29 October. When the results were announced a week and a half later, Félix Tshisekedi—son of Étienne Tshisekedi, who had died in 2017—was declared the winner, followed closely by Martin Fayulu, another opposition candidate; Shadary came in third. Due to his father's status as an enemy of Zairean strongman Mobutu Sese Seko, Kabila posed as a Tanzanian in his school years to avoid detection by Zairean intelligence agents. In December 2005, a partial referendum approved a new constitution, and a presidential election was held on 30 July 2006, having been delayed from an earlier date in June. Kabila wurde im Wahlkampf der Ausverkauf der Rohstoffe des Landes vorgeworfen, an dem seine Familie verdiene. Am 28. There have been protests against his attempts to change term limits and extend his rule. Mehrere Mobilfunk- und Internetanbieter sperrten auf Anordnung der Regierung die Zugänge zu Facebook, Twitter und weiteren sozialen Medien.[8]. And by 2016 new ones had risen, like militias in the Nyunzu area that have killed hundreds of people.[31]. Kabila was the target of protests when there were suspicions as early as 2013 that he would not step down at the end of his term in late 2016 and would instead try to find a way to extend his time in office. Im Jahr 2006 und 2011 unterstützt Moïse Katumbi Joseph Kabilas Kampagne, als Präsident der Demokratischen Republik Kongo zu kandidieren. 2006 fanden aufwendige und von der EU, den USA und der UNO finanzierte Wahlen statt, es waren die ersten freien Mehrparteienwahlen in der Geschichte des Landes seit der Unabhängigkeit. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 16. Officials suggested that elections would be held in November 2016, but on 29 September 2016, the nation's electoral authority announced that the election would not be held until early 2018.